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One of the promising approaches for hydrogen production is the conversion of agricultural biomass crops, which is a renewable, clean, and abundant resource. The main objective of this study is to assess the contribution of soil-beneficial microbes in improving salt tolerance and evaluating hydrogen production potential from sorghum plant biomass.
High salinity concentrations in soil stimulate plant roots to enhance their symbiosis and association with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM). Among VAM species, G. mosseae significantly contributes to plant salinity resistance by improving leaf salt potential and nutrient accumulation compared to other soil microorganisms. Morphological characteristics of these plants show higher biomass production under saline conditions, up to 2000 kg/ha.
Biomass production through specific thermochemical and biological processes was evaluated, with gasification identified as the optimal method for hydrogen production from sorghum plants. By producing 10,000 kg of biomass over three harvesting periods, nearly 3000 kg of biomass can be utilized for bio-hydrogen production. This approach could yield approximately 9 million tons of hydrogen from 3 million hectares of poor-quality lands in a country like Turkey.
The study estimates hydrogen production efficiency from biomass at 28.2 gH2/100 g biomass or 33.17–44.26 gH2. Producing green hydrogen from plant biomass is relatively cost-effective compared to chemo-industrial methods. Enhancing immobilization factors in bioprocesses through porous support materials further improves biomass holding capacity and gas retrieval, increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production.
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