Use of Phragmites australis for phytoremediation of organic compounds in municipal waste water treatment plants

Phytoremediation has gained significant popularity over the past decade as an effective method for cleaning polluted soils due to its convenience and low installation and maintenance costs. When the target pollutant is biodegradable, this technology leverages the stimulating effects of plant roots on microbial processes and physical or chemical modifications in the rhizosphere.

Among the microorganisms influencing rhizosphere processes, symbiotic fungi forming mycorrhizas play a crucial role. They induce changes in plant physiology, nutrient availability, and microbial composition, which can impact the success of a phytoremediation effort. Beyond the rhizosphere, mycorrhizal hyphae act as "roots of the roots," extending the rhizosphere into the bulk soil. This creates a new interface for soil-plant interactions known as the hyphosphere, further enhancing the effectiveness of phytoremediation.